TALA & RAGA

☆ South Indian performances are based on 3 major sections. These are Pallavi,  Anupallavi,  Charanam.

☆ North Indian performance is based upon 3 major sections. These are Sthai, Antara, Abhogi in Hindustani Sangeet.

SOUTH INDIAN MUSIC INSTRUMENTS 

Bansuri, Gotuvadyam, Getchu Vadyam,  Ghatam, Manjira, Mridangam, Murchang, Nadaswaram, Ottu, Tanpura, Tavil, Veena, Violin

TALA 

☆ Thalam is the rhythmic foundation.

☆ The South Indian talas are defined by a system of clapping & waving.

☆ The North Indians define their Talas by their Theka.

ADI

4 + 2 + 2 = 8 Beats

4 Laghu + 2 Drutha + 2 Drutha = 8 Angas

EKA

ROOPAKA

2 + 1 = 3 Beats

2 Druta + 1 Laghu = 3 Angas

Tala In Talalipi

1. Trishra Jathi Rupaka Talam - 3 Laghu beats - total 5 Beats in each avartham

s r l s r g ll

r g l r g m ll

g m l g m p ll

m p l m p d ll

p d l p d n ll

d n l d n S ll

S n l S n d ll

n d l n d p ll

d p l d p m ll

p m l p m g ll

m g  l m g r ll

g r l g r s ll

RAGAS

☆ The melodic foundation is the Ragam.

☆ Ragam is basically Scale. 7 notes of the scale are Sa Ri Ga Ma Pa Dha Ni.

☆ Each Ragam has a particular way that it moves from note to note.

☆ These are referred to as Mela, & there are 72 in number.

☆ 2 types of Ragas 

1. Janaka Raga - Parent Raga 

s r g m p d n S

S n d p m g r s

2. Janya Raga - Mohana (no M & N)

RAGAS 

AARABHI

AROHANAM: s r2 m1 p d2 S

AVAROHANAM: S n2 d2 p m1 g2 r2 s

JANYA: 29th Mela Shankarabharanam 

GAMAKAM 

AROHANAM: s rmr m1 p dSd S

AVAROHANAM: S SnS Sd p m mgm mr s

ABHOGI

Audava Audava Vakra Raga

ADANA

Shadhav Sampoorna Vakra Raga 

ANANDA BHAIRAVA 

AROHANAM: s g2 r2 g2 m1 p d2 p S

AVAROHANAM: S n2 d2 p m1 g2 r2 S

JANYA: 22nd Mela Kartha Kharaharapriya 

Sampoorna Sampoorna Raga 

GAMAKAM 

AROHANAM: s mg r rmr m p d p S

AVAROHANAM: S Sn d p m mg r s

ATHAANAA 

AROHANAM: s r2 m1 p n3 S

AVAROHANAM: S n3 d2 p m1 p g3 r2 s

JANYA: 29 Dheera Shankaraabharanam 

Bhashanga Raga 

ASAVARI 

AROHANA : s r1 m1 p d1 S

AVAROHANA : S n2 S P d1 m1 p r1 g2 r1 s

JANYA : 8th Mela Hanumatodi Raga

Audava Vakra Sampoorna Raga

BEGADA

AROHANAM : s g r g m p d p S

AVAROHANAM : S n d p m g r s

JANYA : 29th Mela Shankarabharanam 

Shadava Sampoorna Raga 

Vakra Raga 

Upanga Raga 

Tristayi Raga 

Gamaka Vareeka Rakti Raga 

BILAHARI

AROHANAM : s r2 g3 p d2 S

AVAROHANAM : S n d p m g r s

JANYA : 29th Shankarabharanam 

GAMAKAM

AROHANAM : s sgr gpg p pSd S

AVAROHANAM : S Sn nd p pgm mg gr s

BHANUCHANDRIKA

AROHANAM :s m1 d1 n2 S

AVAROHANAM : S n2 d1 m1 g1 s

JANYA : 8th Mela Hanumatodi Raga

BHATIYAR 

AROHANAM : S D₂ P D₂ M₂ P G₃ M₂ D₂ S

AVAROHANAM : R₁ N₃ D₂ P M₂ P G₃ R₁ S

JANYA: 53rd Melakartha Gamanasharma

BHUPALA 

AROHANAM :s r1 g2 p d1 S

AVAROHANAM : S d1 p g2 r1 s

CHAKRAVAKAM 

AROHANAM : s r1 g3 m1 p d2 n2 S

AVAROHANAM : S n2 d2 p m1 g3 r1 s

JANYA : 16th Melakartha 

Sampoorna Vakra Raga 

DHARBAR

AROHANAM : s r m p d n S

AVAROHANAM : S N d p m r g g r s

JANYA : 22nd Melakartha Kharaharapriya 

Krama Shadava 

Vakra Sampoorna Raga 

Upanga Raga 

HAMSADHWANI 

AROHANAM: s r g p n S 

AVAROHANAM: S n p g r s

JANYA: 29th Mela Shankarabharanam 

Avodva Raga

Varja Raga 

Upanga Raga 

HINDOLAM

AROHANAM : s g m d n S

AVAROHANAM : S n d m g s

JANYA : 20th Melakartha Natabhairavi

Audava Raga 

Panchamam Varjam Raga 

Upanga Raga 

Sarva Swara Murchanakara Janya Raga 

Tristaayi Raga 

KALYANI

AROHANAM : s r2 g3 m2 p d2 n3 S

AVAROHANAM : S n3 d2 p m2 g3 r2 s 

JANYA : 65TH Melakartha 

GAMAKAM

AROHANAM : s sgr gpg pm p pnd Sn S

AVAROHANAM : S Sn nd pd pm pg gr s

11th Chakram & 5th Raga 

Sarva Swara Gamaka Vareeka Rakti Raga

KAMAACH 

AROHANAM: s m1 g3 m1 p d2 n2 S

AVAROHANAM: S n2 d2 p M1 g3 r2 s

JANYA: 28th Melakartha Harikamboji 

GAMAKAM 

AROHANAM : s pgm mg gpgm p d2pd2 dSn S

AVAROHANAM : S Sn d2pd2 p pgm mg gr s

KAMBHOJI / KAMBODHI

AROHANAM: s r2 g3 m1 p d2 S

AVAROHANAM: S n2 d2 p m1 g3 r2 s (n3 p d2 S)

JANYA: 28th Melakartha Harikamboji 

Bhashana Raga ( a raga that includes notes other than what is in the parent raga)

Shadava Sampoorna Raga

Shadava(6 notes in Arohana) 

Sampoorna(all 7 notes in Avarohana) raga

GAMAKAM

AROHANAM : s sgr mg gpg p pSd S

AVAROHANAM : S Sn d p pgm mg gr s

KIRAVAANI

AROHANAM :s r2 g2 m1 p d1 n3 S

AVAROHANAM : S n3 d1 p m1 g2 r2 s

JANYA : 57th Melakartha 

Sampoorna Raga 

MAAND 

AROHANAM : s r2 g2 p d S

AVAROHANAM : S d1 p g2 r2 s

Sampoorna Sampoorna Vakra 

MADHYAMAVATHI 

AROHANAM : s r2 m1 p n2 S

AVAROHANAM : S n2 p m1 r2 s

JANYA : 22nd Melakartha Kharaharapriya 

Avodva Avodva Raga 

MALAHARI

AROHANAM : s r1 m1 p d1 S

AVAROHANAM : S d1 p m1 g3 r1 S 

JANYA - 15th Melakartha Mayamalava Gowla 

GAMAKAM 

AROHANAM : s R m p D S

AVAROHANAM : S Sd p m mg gr s

Upanga Raga 

Audava Raga,  Varja Raga 

MAYAMALAVA GOWLA 

AROHANAM: s r1 g3 m1 d1 n3 S

AVAROHANAM: S n3 d1 p m1 g3 r1 S

29th Melakartha Shankarabharanam 

JANYA: 15th Melakartha Chatrhurashra 

Sampoorna Raga 

3rd Chakram & 3rd Raga 

MISRA YAMUN 

AROHANAM : s g1 m p n d S

AVAROHANAM : S n d p m g1 m r1 s

MOHANAM

AROHANAM : s r2 g3 p d2 S 

AVAROHANAM : S d2 p g3 r2 s

JANYA : 28th Melakartha Harikamboji 

GAMAKAM 

AROHANAM : s sgr gpg p pSd S

AVAROHANAM : S Sd p pg gr s

Upanga Raga,  Varja Raga

Audava Raga 

NAATTAI 

AROHANAM : s r3 g3 m1 p d3 n3 S 

AVAROHANAM : S n3 p m1 r3 s

JANYA : 36 Chalanaattai 

Sampoorna Raga 

NAVAROJ

AROHANA : p d2 n3 s r2 g3 m1 p

AVAROHANA : m1 g1 r3 S n2 d2 p

JANYA : 15th Melakarta Raga Dheera Shankarabharanam

NATAKURANJI

AROHANAM : s r2 g3 m1 n2 d2 p d2 n2 S

AVAROHANAM : S n2 d2 m1 g3 m1 p g3 r2 s

JANYA : 28th Melakartha Harikamboji 

Ubaya Vakra Ragam 

Panchamam Varjam

Gamaka Vareeka Rakti Raga 

NILAMBARI 

AROHANAM :S R2 G3 M1 P D2 P N3 S

AVAROHANAM : S N3 P M1 G3 R2 G3 S

JANYA : 29th Mela Shankarabharanam 

PANTUVARALI

AROHANAM : s r1 g3 m2 p d1 n3 S 

AVAROHANAM : S n3 d2 p m2 g3 r1 s 

JANYA : 51st Melakartha Kamavardhini

PUNNAGAVARALI

AROHANAM :n2 , s r1 g2 m1 p d1 n2

AVAROHANAM : n2 d1 p m1 g2 r1 s n2 ,

REVATHI 

AROHANAM: s r1 m1 p n2 S

AVAROHANAM: S n2 p m1 r1 s

Audava Audava Raga 

JANYA : 2 Melakartha Ratnaangi 

SAVERI 

AROHANAM : s r1 m1 p d1 S

AVAROHANAM : S n2 d1 p m1 g2 r1 S 

JANYA - 15th Melakartha Mayamalava Gowla 

GAMAKAM 

AROHANAM : s R rpm p D S

AVAROHANAM : S Sn nd p pmp mg gr s

Audava Sampoorna Raga 

Gamaka Vareeka Rakti Raga 

Tristaayi raga

SHIVARANJANI 

AROHANAM: s r2 g1 p d2 S

AVAROHANAM: S d2 p g1 r2 s

JANYA: 22nd Melakartha Kharaharapriya

Audava - Audava Raga

SHANKARABHARANAM 

AROHANAM : s r g m p d n S

AVAROHANAM : S n d p m g r s

JANYA : 29th Melakartha

5th Chakram & 5th Raga 

Sarva Swara Gamaka Vareeka Rakti Raga

SRI RAGA

AROHANAM : s r m p n S

AVAROHANAM : S n p m r g r s

JANYA : 22nd Melakartha Kharaharapriya 

Audava Vakra Sampoorna Raga 

Gana Raga 

Upanga Raga 

SRI RANJANI

AROHANAM : s r g m d n S

AVAROHANAM : S n d m g r s

JANYA : 22nd Melakartha Kharaharapriya 

Shadava Raga 

Panchamam Varjam Raga 

Upanga Raga 

SUDDHA SAVERI 

AROHANAM: s r2 m1 p d2 S

AVAROHANAM: S d2 p m1 r2 s

JANYA: 29th Shankarabharanam 

Audava Raga

GAMAKAM 

AROHANAM : s r m p d S

AVAROHANAM : S Sd p m mr s

SUNAADA VINODINI 

AROHANAM : s g2 m2 d2 n2 S

AVAROHANAM : S n2 d2 m2 g2 s

JANYA : 65 mela kalyaani 

Avodva Avodva Raga 

TARANGINI 

AROHANA :s r2 g3 p d1 n2 s1 S

AVAROHANA : S d1 p m1 g3 r2 s

THILANG 

AROHANAM : s g3 m1 p n3 S

AROHANAM : S n3 p m1 g3 s

28th Melakartha Harikamboji 

Audava Audava Raga 

TODI

AROHANAM:   s r1 g2 m1 p d1 n2 S

AVAROHANAM:   S n2 d1 p m1 g2 r1 s 

Sampoorna Raga

VASANTHA

AROHANAM : s g m d n S

AVAROHANAM : S n d m g r s

JANYA : 17th Melakartha Suryagantham

Audava Shadava Raga 

Upanga Raga

Gamaka Vareeka Rakti Raga 

Trstaayi Raga